The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is forcing doctors and hospitals to collaborate on lowering health-care costs while improving health outcomes. Community health groups that focus on preventive care are battling to be included as part of the solution, Laura Ungar
reports for
The Courier-Journal and
USA Today.
One way physicians and hospitals are coming together to "reduce the duplication of services and keep large groups of patients well" is by forming accountable care organizations. Community health groups are having to fight for a "seat at the table" in these "doctor-dominated boards of ACOs," Ungar writes.
Such groups often offer less expensive, non-medical solutions for preventive health, according to a 2014 report by a North Carolina physicians' coalition. Some ACOs are beginning to include them as partners, but Bo Bobbitt, a Raleigh health-care lawyer who was lead author of the report, told Ungar, "The bad news is that the gap between the medical system treating illness and disease and the community health system was larger than we had feared."
Jose Pagan, a health economist who directs the
New York Academy of Medicine's Center for Health Innovation, told Ungar that another key challenge is that doctors and hospitals are going to keep working to keep the money flowing their way. "If you go to a surgeon for a solution, they're not going to give you massage therapy," he says. "There's going to be progress, but it's going to be very slow."
Traditionally U.S. health care has focused its attention on "costly medical intervention," Ungar reports, instead of lifestyle changes, with only 3 percent of the $2.6 trillion health-care budget being spent public health and prevention, despite preventable chronic conditions accounting for 75 percent of medical care, according to a 2012
Institute of Medicine report.
"Compared to even the best medical therapy, we can decrease heart attacks, strokes and deaths by between 35 percent and 45 percent by changing lifestyle," Paul Rogers, a Louisville cardiologist at one of
KentuckyOne Health System's healthy lifestyle centers, told Ungar.
For example, losing about 10 percent of weight reduces cardiac risks significantly, and losing 15 to 20 percent begins to reverse diabetes, lowers blood pressure, improves sleep and improves cholesterol level, Rogers said.
Another challenge for community-based programs is that little money goes into research on wellness programs, "and without studies, few will invest in their programs," Ungar notes.
Some members of Congress don't see nutrition, physical fitness or stop-smoking campaigns as health funding and gripe about the "nanny factor," Georges Benjamin, a physician who is executive director of the
American Public Health Association, told Ungar.
As a result, "annual funding authorized by the ACA for the Prevention and Public Health Fund was supposed to hit $2 billion starting in 2015 but won't reach that level until at least 2022," Ungar reports.
Lifestyle changes are known to help chronic conditions, and Ungar gives many examples in the article. Here is one: Kevin French, 57, a construction contractor in Louisville, told Ungar that he began having chest pain and had to have two stents implanted in his heart in 1993. And through cardiac rehab, he learned that his previous eating habits, which included lots of fast food, lack of exercise and smoking, played a big part in his heart problems. But with the help of the healthy lifestyle center, he said he has "basically changed everything" about his lifestyle and that's "improved not only his health but his family's as well."